Nutrition in Critical Illness: A Comprehensive Clinical Guideline

Evidence-based guideline for nutritional assessment, enteral and parenteral nutrition, micronutrient supplementation, and special population management in the critically ill patient.

4 articles Updated Mar 2026

Nutrition in Critical Illness — Part 4: Immunonutrition & Special Populations

Comprehensive guide to immunonutrition (arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants), and nutrition management in special ICU populations including sepsis, burns, trauma, TBI, acute pancreatitis, ECMO, obesity, chronic critical illness, open abdomen, and CRRT.

Nutrition in Critical Illness — Part 3: Parenteral Nutrition & Micronutrients

Comprehensive guide to parenteral nutrition in the ICU: indications, timing controversies, composition, lipid emulsions, monitoring, complications, transition to EN, and micronutrient supplementation including thiamine, vitamin C, vitamin D, selenium, zinc, and refeeding syndrome prevention.

Nutrition in Critical Illness — Part 2: Enteral Nutrition

Comprehensive guide to enteral nutrition in the critically ill: timing of initiation, gastric vs post-pyloric access, advancement protocols, formula selection, gastric residual volume management, prokinetic agents, complications including aspiration and refeeding syndrome, and EN during prone positioning and vasopressor therapy.

Nutrition in Critical Illness — Part 1: Nutritional Assessment & Energy/Protein Requirements

Comprehensive guide to nutrition screening tools (NUTRIC score, NRS-2002, mNUTRIC), limitations of traditional biomarkers, body composition assessment, indirect calorimetry, predictive equations, caloric and protein targets, and obesity adjustments in the critically ill adult.